Readings

SES # TOPICS READINGS
1 Introduction No readings.
2 Strategy and strategic culture

Beaufre, Andre. An Introduction to Strategy. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 1966, pp. 19-50.

Collins, John. Grand Strategy: Principles and Practices. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1974, pp. 4-43.

Posen, Barry. "Explaining Military Doctrine." In Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany Between the World Wars. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780801494277.

U.S. Army War College Guide to Strategy. Edited by Dr. Joseph R. Cerami and Colonel James F. Holcomb, Jr. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2001. Chapters 6, 7, and Appendix. (PDF - 2.0MB)

Johnston, Alistair Iain. Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Chapter 1. ISBN: 9780691002392.

Gray, Colin S. "Strategic Culture as Context: The First Generation Of Theory Strikes Back." Review of International Studies 25, no. 1 (1999): 49-69.

Fairbank, John K. "Introduction: Varieties of the Chinese Military Experience." In Chinese Ways in Warfare. Written by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. and John K. Fairbanks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974, pp. 1-16. ISBN: 9780674125759.

Dreyer, Edward L. "Continuity and Change." In A Military History of China. Edited and written by David Graff and Robin Hingham. Jackson, TN: Westview, 2002, pp. 19-38. ISBN: 9780813339900.
3 Ancient Chinese thought

Nivison, David Shepherd. "The Classical Philosophical Writings." In The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221. B.C. Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 745-812. ISBN: 9780521470308.

Ames, Roger T., and Henry Rosemont, Jr. The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation. New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 1999. ISBN: 9780345434074.

Chin, Annping. The Authentic Confucius: A Life of Thought and Politics. New York, NY: Scribner, 2007. ISBN: 9780743246187.
4 Sun Zi and the Art of War

Sawyer, Ralph D. (Translator). The Seven Military Classics of Ancient China. Jackson, TN: Basic Books, 2007, pp. 1-18 and 145-186. ISBN: 9780465003044.

Tzu, Sun and Roger T. Ames. The Art of Warfare. New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 1993, pp. 32-96 and 173-196. ISBN: 9780345362391.

Tzu Sun. The Art of War: The Denma Translation. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 2002, pp. 1-65 and 125-224. ISBN: 9781570629044.

———. The Art of War. Translated by Samuel B. Griffith. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1971, pp. 39-44. ISBN: 9780195014761.
5 Six Secret Teachings, Wu Tzu and Wei Liao-tzu Sawyer, Ralph D. (Translator). The Seven Military Classics of Ancient China. Jackson, TN: Basic Books, 2007, pp. 19-106 and 187-276. ISBN: 9780465003044.
6 Romance of the Three Kingdoms Guanzhong, Luo. Three Kingdoms. Translated by Moss Roberts. Beijing, China: Foreign Languages Press, 2005. ISBN: 9787119005904.
7 Commentaries on the Art of War and Deception

Liang, Zhuge, Liu Ji. Mastering the Art of War. Translated by Thomas Cleary. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1989, pp. 33-134. ISBN: 9780877735137.

Sawyer, Ralph D. The Tao of Deception: Unorthodox Warfare in Historic and Modern China. Jackson, TN: Basic Books, 2007, pp. 3-162, skim 163-322. ISBN: 9780465072057.
8 Mao Zedong: Thought

Mao Zedong in Selected Military Writings:

Starr, John Bryan. Continuing the Revolution: The Political Thought of Mao. Princeton, NJ: 1979, pp. 3-45. ISBN: 9780691021898.

Johnston, Alastair Iain. "Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China." In The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. Edited by Peter J. Katzenstein. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1996, pp. 216-270. ISBN: 9780231104692.
9 Mao Zedong: Practice

Boylan, Edward S. "Chinese Cultural Style of Warfare." Comparative Strategy 3, no. 4 (1982): 341-364.

Whiting, Allen S. "China's Use of Force, 1950-96, and Taiwan." International Security 26, no. 2 (Fall 2001): 103-131.

Finkelstein, David, Michael McDevitt, and Mark Ryan. "Patterns of Chinese Warfighting." In Chinese Warfighting: The PLA Experience Since 1949. Armonk, NY: M.E. Shapre, Inc., 2003, pp. 3-22. ISBN: 9780765610874.

Adelman, Jonathan R., and Shih Chih-yu. Symbolic War: The Chinese Use of Force, 1840-1980. Taipei City, Taiwan: Institute of International Relations, National Cheng-chi University, 1993, pp. 21-37. ISBN: 9789579368230.

Mott, William H., and Jae Chang Kim. The Philosophy of Chinese Military Culture. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, pp. 16-42. ISBN: 9781403971876.

Korea

Christensen, Thomas J. Useful Adversaries: Grand Strategy, Domestic Mobilization, and Sino-American Conflict, 1947-1958. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996, pp. 148-176. ISBN: 9780691026374.

Scobell, Andrew. China's Use of Military Force. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, University Press, 2003. Chapter 4. ISBN: 9780521525855.

Soviet Union

Goldstein, Lyle. "Return to Zhenbao Island: Who Started Shooting and Why it Matters." The China Quarterly 168, (2001): 985-997.

Fravel, M. Taylor. Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008, Chapter 4. ISBN: 9780691136097.
10 Contemporary China: Military strategy

Godwin, Paul. "From Continent to Periphery: PLA Doctrine, Strategy, and Capabilities Toward 2000." The China Quarterly 146 (June 1996): 464-487.

Nan, Li. "The PLAs Evolving Warfighting Doctrine, Strategy and Tactics, 1985-1995: A Chinese Perspective." The China Quarterly 146 (June 1996): 443-463.

Peng, Guangqian, and Yao Youzhi. The Science of Military Strategy [Zhanlue Xue]. The China Quarterly 189, no. 1. (2007): 194-196. Chapters 1, 3, 9, 10, and 20-24.

Wang, Houqing, and Zhang Xingye. The Science of Campaigns [Zhanyi Xue]. Washington, DC: National Defense University, 2000. Chapters 3 and 16.

Jijun, Li. "Traditional Military Thinking and the Defensive Strategy of China." Letort Paper No. 1. United States War College, August 29, 1997. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF)
11 Contemporary China: Grand strategy

Goldstein, Avery. Rising to the Challenge: China's Grand Strategy and International Security. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780804752183.

Saunders, Philip. "Chinas Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools." Institute for National Strategic Studies, Occasional Paper 4. Washington, DC: National Defense University, October 2006. (This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.PDF - 2.0MB)

Chinas National Defense in 2008. State Council Information Office, 2009.

Sawyer, Ralph D. The Tao of Deception: Unorthodox Warfare in Historic and Modern China. Jackson, TN: Basic Books, 2007. pp. 375-401. ISBN: 9780465072057.
12 Assessing China's strategic culture

Johnston, Alastair Iain. Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Chapters 2, 3, 6, and 7. ISBN: 9780465072057.

Handel, Michael. Masters of War, Sun Tzu, Clausewitz and Jomin. London, UK: Frank Cass, 1992. ISBN: 9780714634760.

Scobell, Andrew. This resource may not render correctly in a screen reader.China and Strategic Culture (PDF). Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, May 2002, pp. 1-27.

Lantis, Jeffrey S. "Strategic Culture and National Security Policy." International Studies Review 4, no. 3 (2002): 87-113.

Sawyer, Ralph. "Chinese Warfare: The Paradox of the Unlearned Lesson." American Diplomacy 4, no. 4 (1999).